Pavlov

= **Ivan Pavlov**  = (1849 - 1936) //Essentially, only one thing in life is of real interest to us - our psychical experience. Its mechanism, however, was and still is shrouded in profou ﻿ nd obscurity // - I. P. Pavlov

**Overview** : Ivan Pavlov was a Russian physiologist whose research on the physiology of digestion led to the development of the first experimental model of learning, Classical Conditioning. Most of his research was gathered studying salivating dogs.

** Video on Pavlov and Classical Conditioning: ** ** [] **

**Time L ﻿ ine Highlights **  || || || || ||
 * 1894 || Born in Ryazan, Russia on September 14, 1894
 * 1883 || Discovered dynamic nerves of the heart and submitted thesis for the degree of Doctor of Medicine
 * 1891-1900 || Did most of his research on physiology of digestion at the Institute of Experimental Medicine
 * <span style="color: navy; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">1904 || <span style="color: navy; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Received Nobel Prize in Physiology and Medicine for work on the physiology of the digestive glands
 * <span style="color: navy; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">1915 || <span style="color: navy; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Awarded the Order of the legion of Honour (Medical Academy of Paris recommendation) ||
 * <span style="color: navy; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">January 24, 1921 || <span style="color: navy; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Awarded a special government decree signed by Lenin ||
 * <span style="color: navy; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">1935 || <span style="color: navy; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Government built a laboratory for Pavlov with his chief work on conditioned reflexes
 * <span style="color: navy; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">1936 || <span style="color: navy; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">On February 27, 1936 Pavlov died in Leningrad ||

<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10.5pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 10pt;">** Pavlov's accomplishments ** from study of digestive organs included:
 * <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10.5pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 10pt; tabstops: list .5in;">discovery of enterokinase, an enzyme in the duodenum that activates trypsin
 * <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10.5pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 10pt; tabstops: list .5in;">description of the neural control of the pancreas and pancreatic control as a response to different foods
 * <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10.5pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 10pt; tabstops: list .5in;">demonstration that chewing and swallowing alone would cause gastric secretion
 * <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10.5pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 10pt; tabstops: list .5in;">conclusion that the secretory nerve that controls the gastric glands is the vagus nerve
 * <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10.5pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 10pt; tabstops: list .5in;">demonstration of variance in types and amounts of secretions of the stomach is a response to different foods
 * <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10.5pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 10pt; tabstops: list .5in;">observation that the mere sight of food stimulates salivary and gastric secretion

**Definitions** : Classical Conditioning : "A type of learning in which an organism comes to associate stimuli. A neutral stimulus that signals an unconditioned stimulus (UCS) begins to produce a response that anticipates and prepares for the unconditioned stimulus." Unconditioned Response (UCR): "In classical conditioning, the unlearned, naturally occuring response to the unconditioned stimulus (UCS), such as salvation when food is in the mouth." Unconditioned Stimulus (UCS): "In classical conditioning, a stimulus that unconditionally - naturally and automatically - triggers a response." Conditioned Response ( CR): "In classical conditioning, the learned response to a previously neutral conditioned stimulus (CS)." Conditioned Stimulus (CS): "In classical conditioning, an originally irrelvant stimulus that, after association with an unconditioned stimulus (UCS), comes to trigger a conditioned response (CR)." (Myers, 2004, pp. 312-314)







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<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10.5pt; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 10pt; tabstops: list .5in;">﻿  ﻿References:


 * Myers, D. (2004). Psychology. Seventh Edition. Worth Publishers: New York, NY.
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